By the time of the Renaissance, the 8 species developed into scales and 4 new scales were added which are generally called the Renaissance modes. The octave species were divided into two sets of 4 "authentic" and 4 "plagal" ranges. These "species" are like scales but have no single tonality associated with them as modern scales do, and this is what makes Gregorian modes different from the later Renaissance modes. Gregorian Chant developed a system of 8 modes which are linked to 8 "species" of octaves. Gregorian chant is still used liturgically, and formed the basis for later polyphonic church music. The composers of Gregorian chant, like the sculptors who decorated early medieval churches, remain anonymous. Most of these chants were created between 6 CE. He is known for reorganizing and standardizing the liturgy during the period from 590 to 604. Gregorian chant is named after Pope Gregory I. The chants are now usually sung in a free-flowing style with notes of equal length, because scholars were in disagreement about whether or not the notation was intended to represent notes of various durations, although scholars now generally agree that the notation divides into sets of notes of longer and shorter values. Gregorian chants convey the calm, meditative atmosphere of the church prayers. The Mass, from the Renaissance Period consists of sacred Latin texts (with the exception of the Kyrie which is written in Greek) set to melody, and is traditionally sung monophonically without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella). "Gregorian Chant" is the primary official liturgical music of the medieval Church. The Organ was very prominent, however it was very primitive and quite different from the modern instruments. After 1100, instruments became more and more common in church. Most of medieval music was vocal, however some instruments were in common use. Boys received musical education in cathedral schools, while women were not allowed to sing (at least not as part of the church service). As the cathedrals dominated the medieval landscape and mind, most formal music was used in these churches. Many Romanesque churches and monasteries were established between 10 and, later, the Gothic cathedrals were established (1150-1400). The later period of Middle Ages is known for much more cultural growth. The beginning of this era was considered a "dark age" by many Europeans, due to the many migrations, wars, and upheavals therein. The period of European History between 4 A.D. This instrument represented the scale of harmonics. The first discovered musical scale was on an instrument called the Guqin. 3.1 Characteristics of the Music in Renaissance.2.5 14th Century, the "New Art" in France.
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